The Okpu-Agu Hat

The Okpu-Agu is a knitted woollen hat, somewhat cone-shaped with a bob at the end. This bob is the ‘tail’ of the hat. It has intricate patterns of red, white, and black stripes, representing the spots of a leopard, an animal known for its strength and bravery among the Igbo people. The Okpu-Agu is traditionally worn by warriors in Igbo land, especially by the men of Ohafia, Abiriba, and other groups from the Aro and Afikpo regions in Abia and Ebonyi State in Nigeria. These regions were used as mercenaries by the Aro Confederacy and are collectively known as Abam warriors.

Historical Significance

In the past, due to migration and new settlements, fighting was common among the early tribesmen. Only a man who had killed his enemy in battle and brought home his head could wear the Okpu-Agu adorned with an eagle’s feather, showing his bravery and strength. The hats were said to be dyed with the blood of enemy soldiers. He would then be eligible for initiation into special societies like the Ogbu-isi.

The Ikpirikpi Ogu Dance

One event where the Okpu-Agu is important is the Ikpirikpi Ogu dance, also known as the Ikperikpe Ogu dance. While this dance is performed by many groups across Igbo land, it is most popularly associated with the Ohafia people. The dance is led by a man with a basket of human skulls on his head, a machete in his hand, and a palm frond in his mouth. Other dancers mime cutting a human head while dancing, each dressed as a fierce warrior with his Okpu-Agu. This dance honours the great strength of the Abam warriors from all regions, including Ohafia, Abiriba, Aro, and Afikpo.

Symbolism of the ‘Tail’

The Okpu-Agu is more than just a hat. The ‘tail’ has special meanings. When worn with the tail facing forward, it means progress and prosperity. You might wear it this way on an important journey or errand. When a man wears his Okpu-Agu with the tail backwards, it means all is not well with him. It could also mean he has experienced a death, either in his family or otherwise. A backward Okpu-Agu is not a good sign. However, you can wear it with its tail to the left or to the right when you’re in a celebratory mood or attending an event. This is the more common style adopted by the Igbo.

Now that you know what Okpu-Agu is and how to wear it, you can showcase your heritage proudly.

Modern Adaptation: The Okpu Agu Bucket Hat

The Okpu Agu bucket hat is a contemporary reinterpretation of the traditional Okpu Agu hat, currently popularised by Nigerian musician Odumodublvck. Unlike its predecessor, which features a distinctive ‘tail’, the bucket hat version removes this element while maintaining the general warrior theme. This adaptation aligns with modern fashion trends while popularising the cultural essence inspired by Igbo heritage and its association with bravery and strength.

References

• “Ofo Ndigbo: Nri ancient kingdom stands still for Ukiwe”. The Sun. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
• “Interview: Leonard Ndubueze Mbah and ‘Emergent Masculinities’”. Wenner Gren. 20 November 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
• McCall, John (1993). Dancing the past: experiencing historical knowledge in Ohafia, Nigeria. Ann Arbor, Michigan: MPublishing, University of Michigan Library. pp. 8–9. Retrieved 27 July 2015.