_{Image: Studio 24 – Creative Imaging Solutions}

Firstborn Leadership: The Role of Diokpara and Ada

In Igbo society, birth order greatly affects family life and the responsibilities of each person. The firstborn sons, called ‘Diokpara’, and the first daughters, known as ‘Ada’, play important roles as leaders and role models in their families, just after their parents. Traditionally, firstborns are responsible for keeping family traditions, maintaining ancestral customs, and taking care of their younger siblings.

^{Igbo deities recorded by William Fagg from right as ‘Ogugu, his wife Lolomwai, his eldest son Okpara, his daughter Adego’.Mbaise, Imo state. [ukpuru.com].}

Firstborn Daughter – Ada: The Backbone of the Family

^{Standing Female Deity [Dallas Museum of Art].}

The Ada is highly respected in the family, especially if the mother is not around. She takes on a key role and inherits the family’s belongings when the mother passes away. When she gets married, the Ada joins a respected group called ‘Umuada’, made up of daughters from the same clan. The Umuada have a lot of influence in family and community matters, often helping to resolve disputes and taking an active part in family and community events.

The Diokpara: Guardian of Family Heritage

^{A diokpa and family at a baby of Igbuzo heritage’s naming ceremony shot by Conianwah.}

The Diokpara, or first son, represents his father, whether he is alive or not. Even if he is not the oldest child, the Diokpara has a lot of authority and is consulted on major family decisions. He typically inherits his father’s property, titles, and many responsibilities within the family and community. He represents the family in community meetings and makes sure the family’s interests are protected.

The Importance of the Obi

^{A Typical ‘Obi’ house in the Museum of Traditional Nigerian Architecture taken by Herbert Cole.[researchgate.com]}

A key part of the first son’s inheritance is his father’s Obi, a central and important place within the family compound. The Obi is used for social gatherings, relaxation, and spiritual connection with ancestors. Keeping the Obi clean and well-maintained is a primary responsibility for the Diokpara, showing his commitment to preserving family heritage and keeping ancestral ties strong.

Regardless of personal circumstances like poverty, disability, or illness, the first son’s position is very important in Igbo society. Birth order shapes the structure and function of families and communities, defining the roles and responsibilities of individuals across generations.

References:

1. Chief Uzo Ihuka. (Aged 60-70). Ngwa, Abia State.
2. Mr. Theophilus Ani. (Aged 50-60). Nkanu, Enugu State.
3. Mrs. Sabina Uchechukwu. (Aged 50-60). Ihiala, Anambra State.
4. Common Igbo knowledge